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SUMMARY & DOCUMENTATION |
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Model Documentation, Formulas & References |
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MODEL
OVERVIEW |
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SHEET
DESCRIPTIONS |
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Model Name |
Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing Model |
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Inputs & Pricing |
Core input parameters (S, K, T,
r, vol, q), BS calculations, call/put prices, Greeks overview, put-call
parity check. |
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Version |
1.0 (Enterprise Edition) |
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Greeks Dashboard |
Full Greeks tables vs Spot
Price and Time to Expiry. Charts for Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega across spot
range. |
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Date Created |
12-Feb-26 |
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Volatility Surface |
Parametric implied volatility
surface (strike x maturity). Call/put price grids using surface vols. Smile
and term structure charts. |
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Model Type |
European Option Pricing with Greeks & Volatility Surface |
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Payoff Diagrams |
Option payoff and P/L tables at
expiration. Long/short position toggle. Breakeven analysis. P/L charts for
calls and puts. |
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Underlying Asset |
Equity / Index (with continuous dividend yield) |
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Sensitivity Analysis |
Two-way sensitivity tables:
Call/Put price vs Spot-Vol, Call price vs Spot-Time, Delta vs Spot-Vol. |
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Exercise Style |
European (exercise at expiration only) |
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Summary & Docs |
Model documentation, formula
reference, assumptions, color coding guide, and sheet descriptions. |
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Dividend Handling |
Continuous dividend yield (Merton adjustment) |
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Volatility Model |
Flat vol for pricing; parametric skew/smile for surface |
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COLOR CODING
GUIDE |
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Greeks Computed |
Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, Rho, Vanna, Volga, Charm |
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Blue Text |
Hardcoded inputs - user modifiable values |
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Number of Sheets |
6 (Inputs, Greeks, Vol Surface, Payoffs, Sensitivity, Docs) |
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Black Text |
Formulas calculated within the same sheet |
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Input Method |
Blue-colored cells on Inputs & Pricing sheet |
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Green Text |
Formulas referencing other sheets (cross-sheet links) |
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Calculation Method |
All formulas are analytical (closed-form), no iteration
required |
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Green Background |
Key result cells and ATM (at-the-money) rows |
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KEY FORMULAS |
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MODEL
ASSUMPTIONS |
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d1 |
[ln(S/K) + (r - q + vol^2/2) * T] / (vol * sqrt(T)) |
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1 |
The underlying asset follows
geometric Brownian motion (log-normal price distribution). |
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d2 |
d1 - vol * sqrt(T) |
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2 |
Volatility is constant over the
life of the option (for flat vol pricing). |
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Call Price (C) |
S * exp(-qT) * N(d1) - K * exp(-rT) * N(d2) |
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3 |
The risk-free interest rate is
constant and known. |
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Put Price (P) |
K * exp(-rT) * N(-d2) - S * exp(-qT) * N(-d1) |
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4 |
No transaction costs, taxes, or
market frictions. |
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Put-Call Parity |
C - P = S * exp(-qT) - K * exp(-rT) |
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5 |
Continuous trading is possible
(no jumps in price). |
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Delta (Call) |
exp(-qT) * N(d1) |
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6 |
The underlying pays a known
continuous dividend yield. |
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Delta (Put) |
-exp(-qT) * N(-d1) |
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7 |
European exercise only (cannot
be exercised before expiration). |
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Gamma |
exp(-qT) * n(d1) / (S * vol * sqrt(T)) |
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8 |
Short selling of the underlying
is permitted without restriction. |
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Theta (Call) |
[-S*exp(-qT)*n(d1)*vol/(2*sqrt(T)) + q*S*exp(-qT)*N(d1) - r*K*exp(-rT)*N(d2)] / 365 |
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9 |
The volatility surface uses a
parametric model (not calibrated from market data). |
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Theta (Put) |
[-S*exp(-qT)*n(d1)*vol/(2*sqrt(T)) - q*S*exp(-qT)*N(-d1) + r*K*exp(-rT)*N(-d2)] / 365 |
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10 |
All rates and yields are
expressed as continuously compounded annual rates. |
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Vega (per 1%) |
S * exp(-qT) * n(d1) * sqrt(T) / 100 |
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Rho (Call, per 1%) |
K * T * exp(-rT) * N(d2) / 100 |
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Rho (Put, per 1%) |
-K * T * exp(-rT) * N(-d2) / 100 |
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Vanna |
-exp(-qT) * n(d1) * d2 / vol |
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REFERENCES |
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Black, F. & Scholes, M. |
"The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities",
JPE, 1973 |
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Merton, R.C. |
"Theory of Rational Option Pricing", Bell Journal
of Economics, 1973 |
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Hull, J.C. |
"Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives", 11th
Edition, Pearson, 2022 |
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Haug, E.G. |
"The Complete Guide to Option Pricing Formulas",
2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2007 |
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Gatheral, J. |
"The Volatility Surface: A Practitioner's Guide",
Wiley, 2006 |
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DISCLAIMER: This
model is for educational and analytical purposes. All volatility surface data
is illustrative (parametric model). In production, implied volatilities
should be calibrated from market option prices. This model does not account
for early exercise (American options), discrete dividends, or market
microstructure effects. |
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