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SUMMARY & DOCUMENTATION
Model Documentation, Formulas & References
MODEL OVERVIEW SHEET DESCRIPTIONS
Model Name Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing Model Inputs & Pricing Core input parameters (S, K, T, r, vol, q), BS calculations, call/put prices, Greeks overview, put-call parity check.
Version 1.0 (Enterprise Edition) Greeks Dashboard Full Greeks tables vs Spot Price and Time to Expiry. Charts for Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega across spot range.
Date Created 12-Feb-26 Volatility Surface Parametric implied volatility surface (strike x maturity). Call/put price grids using surface vols. Smile and term structure charts.
Model Type European Option Pricing with Greeks & Volatility Surface Payoff Diagrams Option payoff and P/L tables at expiration. Long/short position toggle. Breakeven analysis. P/L charts for calls and puts.
Underlying Asset Equity / Index (with continuous dividend yield) Sensitivity Analysis Two-way sensitivity tables: Call/Put price vs Spot-Vol, Call price vs Spot-Time, Delta vs Spot-Vol.
Exercise Style European (exercise at expiration only) Summary & Docs Model documentation, formula reference, assumptions, color coding guide, and sheet descriptions.
Dividend Handling Continuous dividend yield (Merton adjustment)
Volatility Model Flat vol for pricing; parametric skew/smile for surface COLOR CODING GUIDE
Greeks Computed Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, Rho, Vanna, Volga, Charm Blue Text Hardcoded inputs - user modifiable values
Number of Sheets 6 (Inputs, Greeks, Vol Surface, Payoffs, Sensitivity, Docs) Black Text Formulas calculated within the same sheet
Input Method Blue-colored cells on Inputs & Pricing sheet Green Text Formulas referencing other sheets (cross-sheet links)
Calculation Method All formulas are analytical (closed-form), no iteration required Green Background Key result cells and ATM (at-the-money) rows
KEY FORMULAS MODEL ASSUMPTIONS
d1 [ln(S/K) + (r - q + vol^2/2) * T] / (vol * sqrt(T)) 1 The underlying asset follows geometric Brownian motion (log-normal price distribution).
d2 d1 - vol * sqrt(T) 2 Volatility is constant over the life of the option (for flat vol pricing).
Call Price (C) S * exp(-qT) * N(d1) - K * exp(-rT) * N(d2) 3 The risk-free interest rate is constant and known.
Put Price (P) K * exp(-rT) * N(-d2) - S * exp(-qT) * N(-d1) 4 No transaction costs, taxes, or market frictions.
Put-Call Parity C - P = S * exp(-qT) - K * exp(-rT) 5 Continuous trading is possible (no jumps in price).
Delta (Call) exp(-qT) * N(d1) 6 The underlying pays a known continuous dividend yield.
Delta (Put) -exp(-qT) * N(-d1) 7 European exercise only (cannot be exercised before expiration).
Gamma exp(-qT) * n(d1) / (S * vol * sqrt(T)) 8 Short selling of the underlying is permitted without restriction.
Theta (Call) [-S*exp(-qT)*n(d1)*vol/(2*sqrt(T)) + q*S*exp(-qT)*N(d1) - r*K*exp(-rT)*N(d2)] / 365 9 The volatility surface uses a parametric model (not calibrated from market data).
Theta (Put) [-S*exp(-qT)*n(d1)*vol/(2*sqrt(T)) - q*S*exp(-qT)*N(-d1) + r*K*exp(-rT)*N(-d2)] / 365 10 All rates and yields are expressed as continuously compounded annual rates.
Vega (per 1%) S * exp(-qT) * n(d1) * sqrt(T) / 100
Rho (Call, per 1%) K * T * exp(-rT) * N(d2) / 100
Rho (Put, per 1%) -K * T * exp(-rT) * N(-d2) / 100
Vanna -exp(-qT) * n(d1) * d2 / vol
REFERENCES
Black, F. & Scholes, M. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities", JPE, 1973
Merton, R.C. "Theory of Rational Option Pricing", Bell Journal of Economics, 1973
Hull, J.C. "Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives", 11th Edition, Pearson, 2022
Haug, E.G. "The Complete Guide to Option Pricing Formulas", 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2007
Gatheral, J. "The Volatility Surface: A Practitioner's Guide", Wiley, 2006
DISCLAIMER: This model is for educational and analytical purposes. All volatility surface data is illustrative (parametric model). In production, implied volatilities should be calibrated from market option prices. This model does not account for early exercise (American options), discrete dividends, or market microstructure effects.